WHAT WE BELIEVE:
LOVE is the Key.
Just as love of life is a natural consequence of good health, it follows that
love of self, and all beings will lead to good health. This is no way denies
the relevance of physical factors. The Orthomolecular discipline has shown that
serious psychological problems (major depressions, schizophrenia, bipolar
disorders, etc.) have a biochemical basis that must be properly dealt with
before a person can recover.
Clinical Ecology has shown
that increasing numbers of us are having serious health difficulties (chronic
fatigue syndrome, candidiasis, immuno-suppression, etc.) as a result of
excessive toxins in the environment. Knowing that the physical body is a temple
in which a holy spirit dwells leads us to the realization that to properly treat
a disease, attention must be paid to body, mind and spirit – and above all else,
this attention must be founded in respect and love.
WHAT WE HAVE TO OFFER:
An approach that
addresses the whole person. Our
evaluation begins with a thorough history including diet, environmental
influences, homeopathic factors, as well as the more traditional medical and
psychological information. We have extensive laboratory support (to which we
are electronically connected for immediate test reporting for most studies). We
also work with a number of highly specialized labs which provide the most
reliable testing available for antibodies, trace metals, toxins, digestion,
parasitology and the like.
Our Allergy Department is
capable of neutralizing a person for the most common antigens (food, fungal, and
inhalant). This is a very specialized form of allergy treatment in which an
exact concentration of an antigen is used to turn off allergic reactions.
The Vitamin Room, our
dispensary, carries high quality nutrients, as well as a large stock of
homeopathic remedies. The nutrients are carefully selected to provide the
highest quality product available. All products are carefully screened to
verify purity of ingredients.
Another service we provide
is information on many health related topics as varied as the effects of
electromagnetic fields on health to sources of indoor pollution. We also
provide dietary health information and nutritional counseling for a variety of
conditions such as candida, hypoglycemia, diabetes, high cholesterol and other
illness specific diets as required. The center office has a well-trained,
nutritionally knowledgeable staff of caring individuals who are available each
day to assist you in person or over the phone.
HOW TO BEST UTILIZE THE
HEALING PARTNERSHIP:
Total commitment and
participation is vital. Patients getting less than they could is one of my
biggest sources of professional frustration. The problem centers on my
expectations and the therapeutic contract. This is a highly complex topic that I
will try to simplify.
Basically I find two
opposing situations occurring: -over- and under-expectation. Over-expectation
means placing responsibility for recovery outside of self. Too many times I’ve
heard a patient say “I’ll just take my vitamins and wait to get well.”
Recovery, the process of closing the gap between our potential and our actual
level of functioning, requires a total commitment. While it is true that
without proper nutrients to correct an underlying imbalance, no amount of effort
will lead to a cure; it is certainly not true that proper nutrients by
themselves will be sufficient to create total wellness.
A commitment to recovery
implies a willingness to do everything in our power to improve our health. This
would include:
·
Following a healthy pleasing diet.
·
Rooting out and working on
negative attitudes and emotions.
·
Getting sufficient sleep and rest.
·
Developing a daily enjoyable
exercise program.
·
Practicing personal meditation, or
quiet time.
How different is this from
‘waiting to be cure’….
The much larger problem
lies in the area of under-expectation, which could be defined as settling for
symptom suppression instead of healing. So many of my patients have been too
well trained “not to bother the doctor.” To get the most from our working
together, you must be willing to bring little problems as well as big problems
to my attention. Statements such as “I’m doing so much better – this seems
unimportant” or “I thought this was a problem for my internist” (gynecologist,
dermatologist, etc.) are reflective of problems of under-expectation.
If physical problems are
treated by natural methods (nutritional supplements, homeopathic remedies,
dietary modification, allergy neutralization) healing is achieved through the
body’s defenses and the person ends up being strengthened.
If the problem is allowed
to progress to the point that chemical drugs are required, then we are really
trading overall weakening for immediate relief. For example, sinusitis usually
responds well to vitamin C, beta-carotene, reduction of exposure to allergens
(food and/or inhalant), as well as properly chosen homeopathic remedies. But if
sinusitis is to let go to the point where antibiotics are used, an overgrowth of
candida is a likely side effect of the introduction of chemical drugs. In fact,
a recent Mayo clinic study found that over 90% of sinus infections were due to
fungal organisms not bacterial, so the blind use of antibiotics by most
traditional practitioners is truly creating more harm than good. I have found a
xylitol (a non-nutritive sweetener) based nasal spray to work very well for
treating sinus-related complaints. Xylitol prevents the adhering of irritants
such as bacteria, molds and pollens to the mucous membranes of the sinuses.
Give yourself and the
office a chance – practice total commitment to your personal health.
WHAT SHOULD YOU GIVE TO
THE HEALING PARTNERSHIP?
Information feedback.
I’m always most appreciative of any information that can help me help you or
other patients. People sometimes marvel at my ability to stay abreast of the
ever increasing and fast moving field of health care. The key is as simple as
listening to my patients.
I’m also grateful for your
kind referrals. I can think of no higher compliment than being asked to help in
the care of a friend or relative. I want to end by thanking you again for the
support that has enabled the Healing Partnership to become a successful center
for the healing arts. Remember the staff and I are here to serve your needs and
help you on your path toward total glowing good health – which you can achieve!
Back to Top
As a patient of Dr.
Bonnet’s and as a friend to the many others I have referred to him over the
years, I have had the opportunity to repeatedly witness the effects of a
patient’s attitude and behavior on that patient’s recovery. Simply put: I am
convinced that Recovery = The Patient’s Attitude & Behavior + the Doctor’s
treatment (in that order).
But many of us have been
conditioned by the medical “establishment” to believe that the doctor’s
treatment alone equals recovery and that the patient’s attitudes and behavior
are of little consequence in the healing process, and in fact (God forbid) they
may even annoy the doctor.
“Take two aspirin and call
me in the morning” has long been the emblem of the contempt with which some
traditional practitioners regard their patient’s voiced concerns. “Physicians”
that think in these terms have to come to believe that, just as their treatment
alone is the cure, the symptom alone is the disease – and so only that symptom
needs to be fixed. They are wrong. Symptoms are only warning shots – fired by
the body to announce that the patient isn’t treating himself or herself
properly.
In keeping with the view
that good health results when people treat themselves well – and illness results
when people don’t treat themselves well, Dr. Bonnet often points out that
“Patients must become their own physicians.” This is superb advice.
Pro-active, patient participation is critical to the fine-tuning and ultimate
success for any health regimen. This is because, unlike genetically identical
white laboratory rats, people and their problems are quite unique and require
individualized treatment. This is especially true with the types of disorders
Dr. Bonnet often ends up treating.
The following attitudes and
behaviors are, like Dr. Bonnet’s treatments, homeopathic remedies, vitamins and
other medications, indispensable for recovery. But they can only be dispensed
by us, and they are useless unless administered on a daily basis.
The
Good Patient’s Holistic “To Do” list:
Take responsibility:
We must realize that we are responsible for our situation. Not that we
necessarily consciously or unconsciously created our illness, but that we – more
than anyone else – can create better health for ourselves.
Create courage:
We must confront the fact that recovery isn’t always inevitable. This will
heighten our sense of necessity for daily doing the right things in pursuit of
recovery. Also if we confront our symptoms, they will then have less power over
us. Courage reduces stress and hastens recovery.
Acquire knowledge:
We must learn as much as we can about our illness. Such information is
inherently comforting in that is dispels the fear of the unknown. It is also
absolutely necessary if we are to help the doctor discover and correct the
origins of our illness.
Be valuable:
We must engage in some sort of productive activity – and then acknowledge
ourselves for it. We are much more likely to recovery when we feel that we
deserve to recover.
View Dr. Bonnet as a
team player: He constantly needs and
wants our input. He can’t guess at how we are doing and what is working and
what isn’t… his treatments are interactive, often require adjustment, and always
need monitoring. If we don’t do our part as “co-physicians” – on a daily basis
– serious time and money are wasted and unnecessary suffering is endured by us
and those around us.
Don’t give up…ever,
ever, ever: Even though recovery may
seem elusive, the past does not equal the future. New treatments evolve
regularly (especially if we are doing are part), and our ability to deal with
our illness evolves as well. After years of suffering, relief can also
gradually slip into our lives almost unnoticed, as an existing treatment slowly
realigns our microbiotic processes. We must watch for relief – and expect it.
Don’t despair if
recovery comes…and goes: It can
happen. But if we beat it once – we can beat it again. And most importantly
don’t be embarrassed to tell Dr. Bonnet if old problems do resurface or new ones
appear. We may be reluctant to be party poopers after a celebration but Dr.
Bonnet knows (and we should know) that remission and recurrence are often part
of the overall recovery process.
Don’t deny the disease:
When relief arrives it can be made tempting to assume that the illness was “just
a mistake” or that it is now gone forever. Consequently it can also be tempting
to assume that discontinuing our therapeutic attitudes, behaviors and treatments
will affirm our good health. Don’t bet on it…
Visualize being well:
on a routine basis…especially at night before sleep and first thing in the
morning. Picturing specifics about how we will feel and what we will do helps
make the visualizations vivid.
Get enough sleep:
If we wake up at a certain time each morning we must go to bed early enough to
get the proper amount of sleep. Men require nine hours and women ten hours of
sleep each day.
Eat right:
We must fight our temptations and rationalizations regarding food and other
addictions. Going cold-turkey on something we crave is much better than just
cutting back because the heavier action puts us more “in control” over yet
another facet of our life. Also, just cutting back maintains or even
intensifies our cravings. Eat right, if done right, eventually feels right.
Be physical:
But we must pick an exercise form and environment that is fun or we will quit
when distractions beckon. (I like biking or hiking with my Walkman and “Books
on Tape.” I get stronger AND smarter.) Physical activity tends to reset and
balance our major and minor chemical processes. It also anchors our attention
in the “here and now” which is the only place healing place.
Avoid scary terminology:
In discussions about illnesses, heavy labels frighten friends and family (and us
too!) Heavy labels will also linger in others (and our) visions of ourselves
long after we are well.
Don’t
assume it’s finished: When recovery
begins and we realize we “feel better than we have in years: We mustn’t be
tempted to say “well, that was that and now I can resume my old lifestyle.” We
must keep in mind that our old lifestyle included or illness. Confront the fact
that new health is new life, and it requires continuing the lifestyle that
achieved it. No cheating…
Continue the treatment:
Even if all the pills and nasty extracts make us feel like a seasick bean bag if
we want to try something else we should tell Dr. Bonnet how we feel and why. He
will listen and respond. Doctor and patient must leave no stone unturned in the
hunt for the right treatment. But remember that recovery is sometimes more
gradual than we would like.
Don’t just fade away:
When we feel better Dr. Bonnet very much needs to know it; both as feedback on
the treatment (so he can help others, or us again in the future) and because
good news about our health really makes his day.
Bottom line…?
Pay attention to the details of good health
each day and communicate with the doctor. What we say to him is as important as
what he says to us – and he knows.
Thank you Read for a great job
I’d like to qualify and
expand the “eat right” section. It’s important that your diet be enjoyable.
Healthy people naturally desire healthy food (fresh in season, whole foods with
a high fiber content – enough so your stool would float in the toilet bowl). A
number of illnesses (food allergies, candidiasis and hypoglycemia) create food
addictions, which must be broken, and “cold turkey” (complete and total
stopping) is often the best way. When “cold turkey” is too difficult, being
neutralized (a technique available at the office, which uses an exact
concentration of the offending substance) can be most helpful. Dietary changes
not involving food addictions are best made in gradual way giving the intestinal
flora (the healthy microorganisms that live in our digestive tracts) time to
adjust to the changes. We now know that an imbalance of flora (dysbiosis)
causes no end of troubles. To summarize, it’s important to treat yourself
gently and lovingly as well as firmly when necessary with eating as in all
things.
I’d like to add one “do” to
the list. Do practice forgiveness. Anger that is held onto hurts us, limiting
us spiritually and damaging us physically. The exercise of working a
forgiveness affirmation – saying out loud “I forgive (whatever you call the
person to be forgiven, for example myself, mom, dad)” seventy times in row for
seven days in a row – is very helpful but surprisingly difficult. I often
mention that I’ve found that while riding my bicycle is a good time for me.
Recently a patient shared that he found while he was in the shower worked best
for him, which seemed a great “tip” to pass on. What makes this seemingly easy
exercise so difficult is blocking thoughts – those unconscious attachments to
the anger that block the forgiveness process. If we find we are stuck, don’t
despair the blocking thought can be a valuable clue to what needs to be done
next. For example, if while working the affirmation “I forgive mom” we find
ourselves thinking she made me feel stupid then an affirmation, “I am
intelligent” would be indicated. If we just forget to do the affirmation we
need to change it, if we are blocked on working one for someone else, do “I
forgive myself”, if we can’t do that try, “I deserve love”.
Please do not hesitate to
call me if you have any questions or problems.
Back to Top
As we are entering into the
new-year, perhaps we should enter into some personal preparations for renewed
spirit of inner peace. One way to prepare for this is an emotional house
cleaning. Winter is a lovely time to sit back, relax and work on our emotional
well being.
It is important to take
time to renew yourself. It is frequently necessary to be reminded that we can’t
give with an empty hand, and that charity must begin at home. What could be a
better time than the gift of forgiveness?
We know that retained
negative thoughts cause physical illness. Anger and hate destroy the body.
Letting go of these destructive emotions is healing. Forgiving ourselves, and
those who have harmed us, makes us free, well and whole.
How can we do this?
There are many ways. One I
have found helpful is working a ‘forgiveness visualization’ as suggested in
‘Heal Your Life’ by Louise L. Hay, or by prayer. Working a ‘forgiveness
affirmation’ is a method that can work for anyone, even the unfortunate souls
who have lost their faith.
Working an affirmation is
deceptively simple. The affirmation, a direct, positive, present time
statement, is said out loud (writing it down at the same time can enhance the
process) – 70 times in a row – 7 days in a row. The repetition causes the
conscious (critical mind) to lose interest and allow the positive concept to
sink into the unconscious. As the positive affirmation starts re-programming
the unconscious, negative energy, which frequently takes the form of blocking
thoughts, will be released. If a blocking thought is very strong, make note of
it as this is an excellent guide to what further work needs to be done.
By the way of example, if
we’re working the affirmation, “I forgive myself,” (this is usually best to
start with – also please note that a ‘forgiveness affirmation’ does not specify
what we are forgiving as usually the thing we know that we’re angry about is
only the tip of the emotional iceberg) the first blocking thoughts are likely to
be something like:
“This is really stupid, it
can’t work!”
Don’t worry about this. You
need have no belief for an affirmation to work. Or it may take the form:
“I’m not angry with
myself.”
Or:
“I’ve already forgiven
myself.”
To which I say…“just try
working the affirmation.” If it were true, that you were totally at peace with
yourself, you’d be completely at peace with everyone – an ideal seldom, if ever,
reached by mortals.
Once you’ve conquered the
initial blocking thoughts and have been working the affirmation for several
days, you might hear your inside voice saying “It still seems kind of silly, but
I think I feel a little lighter.” This is great, but be prepared for getting
hit with a strong blocking thought.
For example:
“I can never forgive myself
for being such a disappointment to my Mother.” This is a clue that you will
also need to work a ‘forgiveness affirmation’ for your Mother – “I forgive (use
whatever name you think of her)” using the same formula, 70 times in a row for 7
days in a row.
You will discover that even
though you never dreamed you were angry with your Mother, locked away in your
unconscious there were angry feelings, maybe because it was so hard to please
her, maybe you’re holding her responsible for your shortcomings because you
failing and disappointing her were the easiest ways to get her attention. You
can now choose to release yourself from those buried feelings.
Each of us will have a need
to forgive ourselves and each of our parents. Sometimes we’re afraid to let go
of anger because we believe that without the anger, we’ll be unprotected.
“If I forgive my alcoholic
brother, he’ll take complete advantage of me!”
Not so, as it’s anger that
keeps destructive relationships going. Forgive him, and it’s easy to say (and
mean): “I’ll continue to love you as my brother, but I’ll have nothing to do
with you until you stop drinking.” You may have said it 1,000 times in anger to
no effect, but to say it once from forgiveness – it’s finished. Your brother
may not stop drinking for years, if ever, but you are free.
I’ve focused on
‘forgiveness affirmations’ because they tend to be the most healing, but
affirmations can be used to replace any negative thought. I get stuck each time
I sit down to write my column for this newsletter. I found I was having
feelings I had had as a schoolboy – resenting the difficulty of writing; afraid
of the ’teacher’ who was going to correct it; and feeling pressured that it
would not be done ‘on time’ – so I took ten minutes to write (and say) 70 times:
“I enjoy writing” after
which the task was much easier – and enjoyable.
The rules are very simple.
The statement must be:
1). Positive. The
unconscious cannot deal with double negative: “I feel confident” not “I’m not
afraid.”
2). Present time. The
unconscious understands the future as not now: “I forgive”, not “I will
forgive.”
3). Said out loud (and
written down at the same time for additional emphasis) 70 times in a row for 7
days in a row.
At the same time:
1). Pay attention to
blocking thoughts. They are an important guide for future work.
2). Do not work on more
than one affirmation at a time. Complete the seven days before starting a new
affirmation.
3). Realize that for
really important people (yourself, parents, spouse or significant other,
siblings and children) several courses of ‘forgiveness affirmation’ may be
needed.
Don’t wait – get started
right now! If you get stuck, give me a call.
Back to Top
The Healing Partnership
newsletter remains dedicated to my greatest teachers, you my patients; but, I
would like to dedicate this issue to my first teacher – my father W. Laurence
Bonnet M.D. (6/28/13 – 1/24/00). By example and tutelage he prepared me to
pursue what he considered to be man’s highest calling, to be a physician.
Before I entered kindergarten he had taught me to name all 206 bones in the
human body (don’t ask me now). He took me with him on house calls, so long ago
I don’t remember. I will certainly never forget the first injection I gave,
after which I confessed to him “Daddy I’m not sure I pulled back the plunger to
see if the needle was in your vein before I pushed it down.” “Don’t worry
Phil,” he reassured me, “if you put that tetanus into my vein I’d already be
dying.” Medicine was so much our dinner table conversation that amongst my
sister’s and my friends it was known that “you have to have a strong stomach to
eat at the Bonnet’s.”
My father wasn’t always
delighted with my choices and discouraged me from going into psychiatry: “I
think craziness must be contagious, all the psychiatrists I know are nuts!”
Initially he was even more disapproving of my practicing alternative medicine:
“Bad enough you had to be a shrink, now you want to be a quack!” He was of
course won over, saying: “If it weren’t for all those vitamins you have me
taking I would have died years ago.” He had, while courting my mother, warned
her that he would probably die of a heart attack in his 50’s, as that was the
usual fate of males from his family.
His health remained quite
good until he began having strokes in his 80’s. His subsequent decline and my
inability to reverse it, drained my time and energy (thus the long absence of
newsletters); but, was an enormous lesson for me in humility. It also provided
me with a reminder of the importance of forgiveness in working through grief,
which I had thought I had been working through during the years of his decline.
However, I learned (as is now starting to be officially acknowledged) grieving
done during chronic illness does not eliminate the need for grieving loss
through death. I do feel truly blessed to have had such an extraordinary father
and I miss him.
The role of forgiveness in
healing is my main topic for this issue. The destructive role of anger in human
health has been understood for a long time; but, we have had a serious
misunderstanding as to what should be done. I, like most health care
practitioners, was trained that releasing anger (yelling, punching pillows,
smashing things, etc.) would help. But, now we know this is not true and
actually these activities make things worse. Many people confuse stuffing anger
and pretending things are OK with forgiveness. In fact, it is just the
opposite; the first step of forgiveness is accepting the legitimacy of the
anger. If the anger is out of proportion to the triggering event, it is most
likely because the triggering event has something in common with other events
that have been suppressed.
A technique that I have
found enormously helpful both personally and professionally is “working a
forgiveness affirmation.” This is done by saying, “I forgive (name – me, Mom,
Dad, whoever) out loud 70 times in a row for 7 days in a row. It seems that
hearing our own voice saying these words repeatedly allows it to sink into the
subconscious mind. If there is a opposing idea (such as: “I’ll never forgive
Mom for destroying my self-confidence”) it will come into our consciousness as a
“blocking thought.” If a person has suffered serious abuse (especially if it’s
long-standing), it is important to work the “I forgive me” affirmation before
working one for the perpetrator. Technically, we should call it an affirmation
that names the perpetrator; as it is always the person working the affirmation
who is benefited. The reason it is important to work a self-forgiveness
affirmation first in abuse situations is through a psychological process called
“identification with the aggressor.” It is normal to blame ourselves. For
example, “I wouldn’t have been raped if I wasn’t dressed so sexy” or “Dad
wouldn’t beat me if I would try harder to be good.”
The “I forgive me”
affirmation is often too challenging (it took me months until I was able to get
seven days in a row and I doubt I ever would have finished it except for a fear
of one day being asked by a patient how I had done with it). If you find that
you’re blocked or keep forgetting to do it, try working “I deserve love” first.
Many people believe that they are protected by their anger and that forgiving
will make them more vulnerable. But just the opposite is true. I had a patient
once tell me that she never wanted to forgive the janitor at her school who had
molested her when she was a girl, but after working a forgiveness affirmation
she felt free and reported his activities to the authorities. She told me; “not
only did I not want any more children hurt, I wanted him to get some help.”
An angry feeling that we
hold for another person hurts us. Suppressed anger makes us easily hooked. I
had a patient who came to her appointment distraught over her work situation
saying; “I have to quit before I get fired. It’s my new boss, who’s sadistic
and incompetent. He’s out to get me and nothing I do is right!” The idea of
working a forgiveness affirmation for her boss did not initially make sense.
“Why should I forgive him? He’s making my life hell!” At her next appointment
she admitted; “I thought working a forgiveness affirmation was a really stupid
idea.” “But, it’s amazing, through working the affirmation I came to see him
more as a frightened little boy who was in over his head and I was able to help
him with his new job.” She added: “now I have a promotion, a raise and I’m his
right hand person!”
TRAINING AND EDUCATION:
·
Lehigh University, B.A. – 1965
·
Hahnemann Medical College and
Hospital, M.D. – 1969
·
Undergraduate Research Society
Pharmacology - 1966 to 1969
·
Rotating Internship, Allentown
General Hospital – 1969 to 1970
·
Hahnemann Medical College and
Hospital, Residency in Psychiatry – 1970 to 1972
·
Fellowship in Psychopharmacology at
the New Jersey Neuropsychiatric
Institute With
Dr. Carl Pfeiffer
and Dr. Humphrey Osmond - 1972 to 1973
·
Physician Brain Bio Center -
1973-1977
·
Private Practice - 1977 to present
·
Licensed to practice in Pennsylvania and New Jersey
TRAINING IN ALLERGY:
·
Florida Institute of Neurodynamics – one week 1975
·
New Orleans Post Graduate Allergy Course in New Orleans – 42
hours, 1976
·
The Wyoming Post Graduate Allergy Course – 36 hours, 1978
·
Missouri Post Graduate Allergy Course – 18 hours, 1986
HOMEOPATHY:
·
The Boiron Institute Basic Course
·
The National Professional Course at Endicott College – August 1988
·
Roger Morrison Weekend Series put on by Vital Force (ongoing)
·
Weekend seminars, audio and video educational tapes and
independent study including; Francesco Eizayaga, Robin Murphy, Roger Morrison,
Sheilagh Creesy, George Vithoulkas, C. Edward Whitmont, Andre Saine, Dick Moskowitz
- 1988 to present
PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS:
·
Board of Trustees, Schizophrenia Foundation of New Jersey - 1974
to 1984
·
Editorial Board, Journal Orthomolecular Psychiatry - 1974 to 1990
·
Boiron Weekend Homeopathic Seminar Series - 1986 to 1987
LECTURES:
·
Organized and presented a professional course introducing
homeopathy to Chiropractors, 6 weekend seminars – 1990
·
Put on seminar introducing lay people to the use of the Boiron
home kit – 1991
·
Taught a weekend class “Introduction to Homeopathy” at Bucks
County Community College’s Allied Health Program 2001
·
Lectures: Women’s Heart Day 2002, Conference on ADD and
Psychopharmacology at Pennsbury High School 2002
PUBLICATIONS:
·
“Diagnostic methods” found in Biochemical Approaches to Treatment
of Delinquents and Criminals, Leonard J. Hippchen, ed. 1976
·
“Diagnostic methods” (revised) found in Holistic Approaches to
Offender Rehabilitation, Leonard J. Hippochen, ed. Charles C. Thomas ed. 1981
·
“The Relation of Basophils to Histamine Level”, Journal of
Orthomolecular Medicine.
·
Foreword for “Homeopathy Made Simple” by Dr. Don Papon. 1998
REIKI:
·
Introductory to REIKI with Beth Gray – September 1987
·
Level I - March 1988
·
Level II - September 1988
